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StrategyMatrix / portfolioAnsoff’s matrix and product market gridHow can ansoff’s matrix and product market grid support strategic choice or positioning?The appropriate route to corporate growth depends on the risk the organisation can accept, its current portfolio of products and markets, and whether it intends to build around existing or new offers and customers. Systematic planning begins with a clear view of the distance between today’s position and the desired future one. The product/market grid and the later Ansoff cube help managers describe that gap and identify possible growth directions.IntermediateStrategicFigures
MarketingFramework / model4Ps of marketing (Kotler)How can 4ps of marketing (kotler) support strategic choice or positioning?Marketing and sales connect the customer's perspective with the organization's. Reviewing the four elements reveals how the organization currently interacts with customers, how it could serve prospective customers and how its offer is positioned in their minds. The mix is a tactical toolkit within marketing strategy, and repeated adjustment helps the organization respond to changing needs in a chosen segment while supporting corporate strategy.IntermediateStrategicFigures
FinanceKPI / metricOperating profit marginHow should operating profit margin be measured and interpreted?Use operating profit margin to track whether revenue is converting into operating profit, to compare business units or periods using the same accounting definition, and to investigate the effect of pricing, volume, mix and operating costs. It is especially useful alongside revenue growth: growth that requires operating costs to rise faster than revenue will reduce the margin.AccessibleStrategicFigures
StrategyKPI / metricDeliberate and emergent strategy (Mintzberg)How should deliberate and emergent strategy (mintzberg) be measured and interpreted?Use the distinction when the market is changing faster than the planning cycle, when frontline teams are discovering opportunities that senior leaders did not foresee, or when actual investment and operating decisions no longer match the formal plan. It is also valuable during a strategy review because it separates three questions that are often confused: What did we intend? What did we actually do? What should we now choose to continue?AccessibleStrategicFigures
FinanceFramework / modelCapital asset pricing model (CAPM)How can capital asset pricing model (capm) support strategic choice or positioning?Use CAPM when a decision requires a transparent estimate of the return appropriate to market risk. Owners and external investors can use it to assess whether a prospective equity return compensates for that risk. Corporate finance teams use it to estimate the cost of equity, while banks, pension funds and other institutional investors use its logic in portfolio and valuation work.AccessibleStrategicFigures
Organisational behaviourFramework / modelBottom of the pyramidHow can bottom of the pyramid support strategic choice or positioning?Use the bottom of the pyramid (BoP) perspective when mature markets are crowded and the organisation is considering how to serve low income communities currently excluded by existing offers. Opportunity depends on designing products that are appropriate and genuinely affordable, building accessible distribution and ensuring that limited household resources are exchanged for meaningful value.AccessibleStrategicFigures